1. Chiyambi cha Maloboti Akumafakitale Kupangidwa kwa maloboti a mafakitale kunayambika m'chaka cha 1954, pamene George Devol anafunsira chilolezo chosintha magawo otheka. Pambuyo pothandizana ndi a Joseph Engelberger, kampani yoyamba yapadziko lonse ya Unimation idakhazikitsidwa, ndipo loboti yoyamba idagwiritsidwa ntchito pamzere wopangira General Motors mu 1961, makamaka potulutsa zida zamakina oponya. Ma hydraulically powered universal manipulators (Unimates) adagulitsidwa m'zaka zotsatira, amagwiritsidwa ntchito posintha ziwalo za thupi ndi kuwotcherera mawanga. Mapulogalamu onsewa adachita bwino, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti maloboti amatha kugwira ntchito modalirika ndikutsimikizira mtundu wokhazikika. Posakhalitsa, makampani ena ambiri anayamba kupanga ndi kupanga maloboti mafakitale. Makampani oyendetsedwa ndi zatsopano adabadwa. Komabe, zidatenga zaka zambiri kuti bizinesi iyi ikhale yopindulitsa.
2. Stanford Arm: Kupambana Kwakukulu mu Maloboti "Stanford Arm" yowopsa idapangidwa ndi Victor Scheinman mu 1969 ngati chitsanzo cha ntchito yofufuza. Anali wophunzira wa uinjiniya mu dipatimenti ya Mechanical Engineering ndipo amagwira ntchito ku Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. "Stanford Arm" ili ndi madigiri a 6 a ufulu, ndipo manipulator opangidwa ndi magetsi amayendetsedwa ndi kompyuta yokhazikika, chipangizo cha digito chotchedwa PDP-6. Kapangidwe ka kinematic kopanda anthropomorphic kameneka kamakhala ndi prism ndi zolumikizana zisanu zozungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuthetsa ma equation a robotiki, potero kumathandizira mphamvu zamakompyuta. Gawo loyendetsa galimoto lili ndi galimoto ya DC, galimoto ya harmonic ndi spur gear reducer, potentiometer ndi tachometer ya malo ndi mayankho othamanga.
3. Kubadwa kwa loboti yamafakitale yokhala ndi mphamvu zonse Mu 1973, ASEA (yomwe tsopano ndi ABB) idakhazikitsa loboti yoyamba padziko lonse lapansi yoyendetsedwa ndi makompyuta ang'onoang'ono, yamagetsi yamagetsi ya IRB-6. Ikhoza kusuntha mosalekeza, chomwe ndi chofunikira pakuwotcherera kwa arc ndi kukonza. Zimanenedwa kuti mapangidwewa atsimikizira kuti ndi amphamvu kwambiri ndipo robot ili ndi moyo wautumiki mpaka zaka 20. M'zaka za m'ma 1970, maloboti adafalikira mwachangu kumakampani amagalimoto, makamaka kuwotcherera ndikutsitsa ndikutsitsa.
4. Kusintha kwa Kusintha kwa Maloboti a SCORA Mu 1978, Robot ya Selectively Compliant Assembly (SCRA) inapangidwa ndi Hiroshi Makino ku yunivesite ya Yamanashi, Japan. Mapangidwe otsika mtengo a ma axis anayi adasinthidwa bwino ndi zosowa zamagulu ang'onoang'ono, popeza mawonekedwe a kinematic amalola kusuntha kwamanja mwachangu komanso motsatira. Machitidwe amisonkhano osinthika otengera maloboti a SCORA omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino apangidwe alimbikitsa kwambiri chitukuko chazinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi ogula padziko lonse lapansi.
5. Kupanga Maloboti Opepuka ndi Ofanana Zofunikira pa liwiro la loboti ndi misa yapangitsa kuti pakhale mapangidwe atsopano a kinematic ndi ma transmission. Kuyambira masiku oyambirira, kuchepetsa misa ndi inertia ya mapangidwe a robot chinali cholinga chachikulu cha kafukufuku. Chiŵerengero cha kulemera kwa 1: 1 ndi dzanja la munthu chinkaonedwa kuti ndicho chizindikiro chachikulu kwambiri. Mu 2006, cholinga ichi chinakwaniritsidwa ndi loboti yopepuka yochokera ku KUKA. Ndi mkono wa loboti wa digiri zisanu ndi ziwiri waufulu wokhala ndi mphamvu zapamwamba zowongolera mphamvu. Njira ina yokwaniritsira cholinga cha kulemera kopepuka ndi mawonekedwe olimba yafufuzidwa ndikutsatiridwa kuyambira m'ma 1980, yomwe ndi chitukuko cha zida zamakina ofanana. Makinawa amalumikiza zotsatira zawo ku gawo loyambira pamakina kudzera pamabulaketi 3 mpaka 6 ofanana. Maloboti otchedwa ofanana ndi oyenera kwambiri kuthamanga kwambiri (monga kugwira), kulondola kwambiri (monga kukonza) kapena kunyamula katundu wambiri. Komabe, malo awo ogwirira ntchito ndi ang'onoang'ono kuposa ma loboti ofanana kapena otseguka.
6. Maloboti a Cartesian ndi ma robot a manja awiri Pakali pano, ma robot a Cartesian akadali oyenerera ntchito zomwe zimafuna malo ambiri ogwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza pa mapangidwe achikhalidwe pogwiritsa ntchito nkhwangwa zomasulira zamitundu itatu, Gudel adakonza zomangira mbiya mu 1998. Mwanjira imeneyi, malo ogwirira ntchito a robot amatha kuwongolera mwachangu komanso molondola. Izi zitha kukhala zofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zinthu ndi makina.Kugwira ntchito mosavutikira kwa manja awiriwa ndikofunikira kwambiri pamisonkhano yovuta, kukonza nthawi imodzi ndikukweza zinthu zazikulu. Loboti yoyamba yogulitsira malonda ya synchronous ya manja awiri inayambitsidwa ndi Motoman mu 2005. Monga robot ya manja awiri yomwe imatsanzira kufika ndi kukhwima kwa mkono wa munthu, ikhoza kuikidwa pamalo omwe antchito ankagwira ntchito kale. Chifukwa chake, ndalama zazikulu zitha kuchepetsedwa. Imakhala ndi nkhwangwa 13 zoyenda: 6 m'dzanja lililonse, kuphatikiza nkhwangwa imodzi yozungulira yoyambira.
7. Ma Robots Oyenda (AGVs) ndi Flexible Manufacturing Systems Panthawi imodzimodziyo, magalimoto opangidwa ndi mafakitale opangidwa ndi mafakitale (AGVs) anatulukira. Maloboti am'manja awa amatha kuyendayenda pamalo ogwirira ntchito kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokweza zida za point-to-point. Mu lingaliro la makina opanga makina osinthika (FMS), ma AGV akhala gawo lofunika kwambiri la kusinthasintha kwa njira.Poyambirira, ma AGV adadalira nsanja zokonzedweratu, monga mawaya ophatikizidwa kapena maginito, kuti azitha kuyenda. Pakadali pano, ma AGV oyenda mwaulere amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zazikulu komanso zopanga. Kawirikawiri kuyenda kwawo kumachokera ku makina a laser, omwe amapereka mapu olondola a 2D a malo enieni omwe alipo panopa kuti adziyike pawokha komanso kupewa zopinga. Koma m'malo mwake, zida za robotizi zimakhala ndi zabwino zachuma komanso zotsika mtengo nthawi zina, monga kutsitsa ndi kutsitsa zida pamsika wa semiconductor.
8. Zisanu ndi ziwiri zazikulu zachitukuko cha ma robot a mafakitale Kuyambira m'chaka cha 2007, kusintha kwa ma robot a mafakitale kungasonyezedwe ndi zochitika zazikuluzikulu zotsatirazi: 1. Kuchepetsa mtengo ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito - Mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa ma robot watsikira ku 1/3 ya mtengo wapachiyambi wa ma robot ofanana mu 1990, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti automation ikukhala yotsika mtengo komanso yotsika mtengo pa nthawi yofanana ndi ma robot, pa liwiro la ma robot, pa nthawi yotsika mtengo. mphamvu, nthawi yayitali pakati pa zolephera za MTBF) zasinthidwa kwambiri. 2. Kuphatikizika kwa teknoloji ya PC ndi zigawo za IT - Ukadaulo wa makompyuta (PC), mapulogalamu ogula ogula ndi zida zokonzekera zomwe zimabweretsedwa ndi makampani a IT zakhala zikuwongolera bwino mtengo wa robots.- Tsopano, opanga ambiri amaphatikiza mapulogalamu opangidwa ndi PC komanso mapulogalamu, kuyankhulana ndi kuyerekezera kwa wolamulira, ndikugwiritsa ntchito msika wa IT wopindulitsa kwambiri kuti awusunge. 3. Ulamuliro wogwirizana wa ma robot ambiri - Ma robot angapo amatha kukonzedwa ndi kugwirizanitsidwa ndi kugwirizanitsidwa mu nthawi yeniyeni kudzera mwa woyang'anira, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ma robot azigwira ntchito mofanana mu malo amodzi ogwira ntchito. 4. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa machitidwe a masomphenya - Mawonekedwe a masomphenya ozindikiritsa zinthu, kuika malo ndi kuwongolera khalidwe akukhala mbali ya olamulira a robot.5. Networking ndi remote control - Maloboti amalumikizidwa ndi netiweki kudzera pa fieldbus kapena Ethernet kuti aziwongolera bwino, kukonza ndi kukonza.6. Zitsanzo zamalonda zatsopano - Mapulani atsopano a zachuma amalola ogwiritsa ntchito mapeto kubwereka maloboti kapena kukhala ndi kampani ya akatswiri kapena ngakhale wopereka robot amagwiritsa ntchito makina a robot, zomwe zingachepetse kuopsa kwa ndalama ndikusunga ndalama.7. Kuchulukitsidwa kwa maphunziro ndi maphunziro - Maphunziro ndi kuphunzira zakhala ntchito zofunika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri kuti azindikire maloboti. - Zida zamaukadaulo zama multimedia ndi maphunziro adapangidwa kuti aphunzitse mainjiniya ndi ntchito kuti athe kukonzekera bwino, kukonza, kuyendetsa ndi kukonza magawo a robot.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-15-2025
