Kodi ndi chiyanirobot ya mafakitale?
"Roboti"ndi mawu ofunika omwe ali ndi matanthauzo osiyanasiyana omwe amasinthasintha kwambiri. Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimagwirizanitsidwa, monga makina a humanoid kapena makina akuluakulu omwe anthu amalowa ndikuwongolera.
Maloboti adapangidwa koyamba m'masewera a Karel Chapek koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20, kenako adawonetsedwa m'mabuku ambiri, ndipo zida zotchedwa dzinali zidatulutsidwa.
M'nkhaniyi, maloboti masiku ano amaonedwa kuti ndi osiyanasiyana, koma maloboti a mafakitale akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri kuti atithandize pa moyo wathu.
Kuphatikiza pamakampani opanga magalimoto ndi magalimoto komanso makina amakina ndi zitsulo, maloboti am'mafakitale akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kupanga ma semiconductor ndi mayendedwe.
Ngati titanthauzira maloboti amakampani potengera maudindo, tinganene kuti ndi makina omwe amathandizira kukonza zokolola zamakampani chifukwa amagwira ntchito zolemetsa, zolemetsa, komanso ntchito zomwe zimafunikira kubwereza molondola, osati anthu.
Mbiri yaMaloboti a Industrial
Ku United States, loboti yoyamba yamakampani azamalonda idabadwa koyambirira kwa 1960s.
Adadziwitsidwa ku Japan, yomwe inali munthawi yakukula mwachangu mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 1960, njira zopangira ndi kugulitsa maloboti kunyumba zidayamba m'ma 1970.
Pambuyo pake, chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kuwiri kwa mafuta mu 1973 ndi 1979, mitengo inakwera ndipo kulimbikitsa kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira mafuta kunalimbikitsidwa, zomwe zikanalowa m'makampani onse.
Mu 1980, maloboti anayamba kufalikira mofulumira, ndipo akuti ndi chaka chimene maloboti anayamba kutchuka.
Cholinga cha kugwiritsa ntchito maloboti koyambirira chinali kusintha magwiridwe antchito ofunikira pakupanga, koma ma robot amakhalanso ndi maubwino akugwira ntchito mosalekeza komanso magwiridwe antchito obwerezabwereza, kotero amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano kuti apititse patsogolo zokolola zamakampani. Ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito ikukulirakulira osati muzopanga zokha komanso m'magawo osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza mayendedwe ndi mayendedwe.
Kusintha kwa maloboti
Maloboti aku mafakitale ali ndi njira yofanana ndi ya thupi la munthu chifukwa amanyamula ntchito osati anthu.
Mwachitsanzo, munthu akamasuntha dzanja lake, amatumiza malamulo kuchokera ku ubongo wake kudzera m’mitsempha yake komanso kusuntha minyewa ya mkono wake.
Roboti yamakampani imakhala ndi makina omwe amagwira ntchito ngati mkono ndi minofu yake, komanso chowongolera chomwe chimagwira ntchito ngati ubongo.
Makina gawo
Roboti ndi gawo lamakina. Loboti imapezeka muzolemera zosiyanasiyana zonyamula ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi ntchitoyo.
Kuonjezera apo, robot ili ndi ziwalo zambiri (zotchedwa joints), zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi maulalo.
Control unit
Wolamulira wa robot amafanana ndi wolamulira.
Woyang'anira robot amachita mawerengedwe molingana ndi pulogalamu yosungidwa ndikupereka malangizo ku servo motor potengera izi kuti aziwongolera loboti.
Woyang'anira maloboti amalumikizidwa ndi pendant yophunzitsira ngati njira yolumikizirana ndi anthu, ndi bokosi la opareshoni lomwe lili ndi mabatani oyambira ndi kuyimitsa, zosinthira mwadzidzidzi, ndi zina zambiri.
Lobotiyo imalumikizidwa ndi wowongolera ma robot kudzera pa chingwe chowongolera chomwe chimatumiza mphamvu kusuntha loboti ndi ma sign kuchokera kwa wowongolera.
Wolamulira wa robot ndi loboti amalola kuti mkono womwe uli ndi kukumbukira kuyenda uyende momasuka molingana ndi malangizo, koma amalumikizanso zida zotumphukira molingana ndi pulogalamuyo kuti igwire ntchito inayake.
Kutengera ndi ntchitoyo, pali zida zosiyanasiyana zoyika maloboti zomwe zimatchedwa end effectors (zida), zomwe zimayikidwa pa doko lokwera lotchedwa mechanical interface pansonga ya loboti.
Kuphatikiza apo, pophatikiza zida zofunikira zotumphukira, imakhala loboti pazomwe mukufuna.
※Mwachitsanzo, powotcherera arc, mfuti yowotcherera imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomaliza, ndipo mphamvu yowotcherera ndi chipangizo chodyera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi loboti ngati zida zotumphukira.
Kuphatikiza apo, masensa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mayunitsi ozindikira ma robot kuti azindikire malo ozungulira. Zimagwira ntchito ngati maso (masomphenya) ndi khungu la munthu.
Chidziwitso cha chinthucho chimapezeka ndikusinthidwa kudzera mu sensa, ndipo kuyenda kwa robot kumatha kuyendetsedwa molingana ndi momwe zinthu zilili pogwiritsira ntchito chidziwitsochi.
Makina a robot
Pamene manipulator a robot ya mafakitale amagawidwa ndi makina, amagawidwa m'magulu anayi.
1 Cartesian Robot
Mikono imayendetsedwa ndi zomasulira zomasulira, zomwe zimakhala ndi ubwino wokhazikika komanso wolondola kwambiri. Komano, pali kuipa kuti ntchito osiyanasiyana chida ndi yopapatiza wachibale ndi malo kukhudzana pansi.
2 Cylindrical Robot
Dzanja loyamba limayendetsedwa ndi cholumikizira chozungulira. Ndikosavuta kuonetsetsa kusuntha kosiyanasiyana kuposa loboti yamakona anayi.
3 Polar Robot
Mikono yoyamba ndi yachiwiri imayendetsedwa ndi mgwirizano wozungulira. Ubwino wa njirayi ndikuti ndizosavuta kutsimikizira kusuntha kosiyanasiyana kuposa loboti ya cylindrical coordinate. Komabe, kuwerengera kwa malo kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.
4 Roboti Yopangidwa
Roboti yomwe mikono yonse imayendetsedwa ndi zolumikizira zozungulira imakhala ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yoyenda yokhudzana ndi ndege yapansi.
Ngakhale kuti zovuta za ntchitoyi ndizovuta, kusinthika kwa zipangizo zamagetsi kwapangitsa kuti ntchito zovuta zitheke mofulumira kwambiri, kukhala maloboti akuluakulu a mafakitale.
Mwa njira, maloboti ambiri opanga ma robot amtundu wodziwika amakhala ndi nkhwangwa zisanu ndi imodzi zozungulira. Izi ndichifukwa choti malo ndi kaimidwe zitha kutsimikiziridwa mosasamala popereka magawo asanu ndi limodzi a ufulu.
Nthawi zina, zimakhala zovuta kusunga malo a 6-axis malinga ndi mawonekedwe a workpiece. (Mwachitsanzo, pamene kukulunga kumafunika)
Kuti tithane ndi vutoli, tawonjezeranso nsonga yowonjezereka pamzere wathu wa roboti wa 7-axis ndikuwonjezera kulolerana kwamalingaliro.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-25-2025
